Cisco Multicast Routing and Switching

Debugging RSVP     To verify the operation of RSVP use the following debug commands.   ... [full story]

RSVP Scenarios     In this section, various RSVP scenarios are presented to illustrate the use of the RSVP configuration and monitoring commands. Another purpose is to present examples of different combinations of RSVP styles and verify that the router that is the ... [full story]

RSVP Configuration Commands     RSVP is disabled on router interfaces and this is the default interface state. In order for a router to participate in RSVP, RSVP must be enabled on the interfaces using the command     ip rsvp bandwidth [interface-kbps] [single-flow-kbps]     interface-kbpsOptional parameter. Value ... [full story]

Configuring and Monitoring RSVP     Three types of configuration commands can be used to configure or monitor RSVP. The first type is configuration commands used to enable and configure RSVP. The second type of RSVP command is used to view RSVP configurations ... [full story]

RSVP Protocol Messages     When discussing RSVP messages we need to agree on the definition of terms. Figure 10-11 illustrates some fundamental terms used in discussing RSVP messages. The incoming and outgoing interfaces, as well as the next and previous hops, are ... [full story]

Shared Explicit (SE) Style     Shared Explicit style reservations are characterized by a shared reservation and an explicit sender, creating a reservation that is shared by specific senders. The SE style is represented by     SE((S1,S2,...Sn){Q})     indicating that the list of senders shares the reservation ... [full story]

Fixed-Filter (FF) Style     Fixed-filter reservations have distinct reservations with explicit sender selection. For each FF reservation established, the router must allocate bandwidth for each request. The total bandwidth allocated is the sum of the bandwidths requested by each FF request for ... [full story]

Wildcard-Filter (WF) Style     The WF style is a shared reservation style with implicit sender selection. Since all reservations are sharing the same resource allocation, the amount of resource that needs to be reserved is equal to the largest value of the ... [full story]

Reservation Styles     A style refers to a reservation request and the set of options pertaining to that request. Reservations can be distinct or shared. A distinct reservation is one in which a specific reservation is established for each sender to a ... [full story]

RSVP Reservation Model     An RSVP reservation request is referred to as a flow descriptor. The flow descriptor consists of two elements. The first element is the flowspec, which specifies the QoS and is used in conjunction with the packet scheduler. The ... [full story]

Resource Reservation Protocol   ... [full story]

Multicast over ATM     If the frame relay network in Figure 9-10 is replaced by an ATM network, then we can use multipoint virtual circuits (VC) to limit the replication f multicast packets. By default, PIM establishes a static multipoint VC that ... [full story]

Multicasting and Non-Broadcast Multi-Access Networks     A non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA) network, such as frame relay, needs special consideration in regards to multicast traffic. The network in Figure 9-10 is a partially meshed frame relay network configured as a hub and spoke arrangement.         Figure ... [full story]

Multicast Static Routes     When using PIM, unicast and multicast routes are congruent. In other words, the unicast and multicast packets follow the same path. This makes sense because PIM uses the unicast routing table to make multicast routing decisions. Occasions can ... [full story]

Load Balancing     When two equal cost paths exist for a destination, an IP unicast routing protocol, such as OSPF, will load-balance unicast traffic over the two links. Load-balancing, without additional configuration, is not possible with multicast routing protocols. The reason that ... [full story]

Stub Multicast Routing     Networks that have remote sites connected in a hub and spoke arrangement over lower speed links can benefit by configuring the spoke routers as stub networks (see Figure 9-5). If PIM-Dense or Sparse-Dense mode is configured on the ... [full story]

IP Multicast Rate Limiting     The amount of bandwidth that multicast traffic uses on a link can be controlled using the interface command.     ip multicast rate-limit in | out [video] | [whiteboard] [group-list access-list]     [source-list access-list] [kbps]     in   Only packets at the rate of kbps or ... [full story]

Session Directory     Session Directory (SDR) is an MBONE scheduling system used to announce and schedule multimedia conferences. SDR uses the Session Directory Announcement Protocol (SDAP) that will periodically multicast a session announcement packet describing a particular session. SDAP announcement packets can ... [full story]

Broadcast/Multicast Conversion     Assume that you have an application on a host that does not support IP multicast, only IP unicast and broadcast. Further assume that the application wants to send to a receiver or multiple receivers on a different subnet. We ... [full story]

Multicast Support Commands     Overview     The previous chapters have covered the operation and configuration of Cisco-supported IP multicast protocols. In this chapter, we will look at a number of multicast scenarios and multicast support commands. The support commands are not specific to any ... [full story]

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    In the PIM-DVMRP network, there now exist many routes that have been learned from possibly many sources. Dynamic unicast routing protocols, unicast static routes, multicast static routes, and DVMRP can all be sources of routing information. When performing the RPF ... [full story]

    Which unicast routes from the local routing table are reported to the DVMRP neighbor? By default, only the directly connected routes are reported. For example, in Figure 8-5, we have a PIM-DM-enabled router connected through a DVMRP tunnel to an ... [full story]

    Overview   ... [full story]

Network 3  Using Bootstrap Routers     BSR-RP  Router Configurations   ... [full story]

Network 2 �" Auto-RP Configuration     Auto-RP  Router Configurations   ... [full story]

Network 1  Static RP Router Configurations     Router A     hostname A     ip multicast-routing     interface Ethernet 0     ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0     ip pim sparse-mode     interface Serial 0     ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0     ip pim sparse-mode     clock rate 1540000     interface Serial 1     ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0     ip pim sparse-mode     clock rate 1540000     router eigrp 100     network 172.16.0.0     ip pim rp-address 172.16.2.2           Router ... [full story]

PIM-SM Version 2 RP Selection     One or more BSRs need to be configured in the domain using the global configuration command:     ip pim bsr-candidate interface-type interface-number hash-mask-length [priority]     interface-type interface-number     The address of the specified interface will be used to identify the BSR.       hash-mask-length     Length of ... [full story]

Auto-RP Configuration     For Auto-RP, the RPs and a mapping agent need to be configured. The ... [full story]

Rendezvous Point Configuration and Static RP Configuration     There is not a default RP and one or more must be configured using one of the three methods. For the static case, the RP does not need to be configured, only the leaf ... [full story]

PIM-SM Router Configuration Commands     PIM-SM is more complicated to configure than PIM-DM because an RP is required for each group. One RP can handle all groups, which can be spread across multiple RPs. The first step is to enable multicast routing ... [full story]

SPT Switchover     A threshold on a leaf router can be configured that, when exceeded, will cause the router to switch from the shared tree through the RP to the source tree. When PIM-SM is enabled, the default threshold is 0 kbps. ... [full story]