Application Protocols
Network latency is
generally measured in milliseconds and is the delta between the time a packet
leaves an originating node and the time the recipient begins to receive the
packet. Several components exist that have a negative impact on perceived
network latency.
Hardware components such as
routers, switches, firewalls, and any other inline devices add to the amount of
latency perceived by the packet, because each device applies some level of logic
or forwarding. As discussed in the previous section, network characteristics
such as bandwidth, packet loss, congestion, and latency all have an impact on
the ability of an application to provide high levels of throughput.
Protocols that are used by
applications may have been designed for LAN environments and simply do not
perform well over the WAN, not because of poor application or protocol design,
but simply because the WAN was not considered a use case or requirement for the
protocol at the time. This section examines a few protocols and their behavior
in a WAN environment, including CIFS, HTTP, NFS, and MAPI.
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